Showing posts with label Wilderness. Show all posts

Bushcraft Training Dorer Hardwood Forest, Taylors Falls, and Finlayson, MN

Bushcraft Training

What is Bushcraft Courses?

As we know, There’s no shortage of guidebooks for Bushcraft/Wilderness Survival, but the quickest way to gain wilderness survival skills is to take a course from an experienced instructor and get practical training. And lucky for us that AegisOutdoors offering Number of Bushcraft Courses in Several location.

What Included in Bushcraft Training?

1. Dinner
2. Bushcraft Knife
3. Class Materials
Note: Children are welcome to attend the Intro to Bushcraft course. Parents are responsible for their children at all times. Be aware that there will be up to 5-10 miles of hiking, on top of the other risks involved with the outdoors.
Bushcraft Courses

What Topics will be Covered?

1. Wilderness Survival
2. Food and Water
3. Shelter
4. Firestarting
5. Choosing Equipment
6. Safety Considerations
7. and more

What we'll need?

1. Seasonal Clothing
2. Waterproof layer
3. Water Bottle & Mess Kit
4. Shelter Material (Tarp)
5. Whistle
6. Full list will be sent after registration

Bushcraft & Canoeing Training

Bushcraft Class Venue & Date.

1. Intro to Bushcraft Course Overnight – Dorer Hardwood Forest, MN August 1 @ 9:00 am - August 2 @ 12:00 pm
2. Intro to Bushcraft & Canoeing Training – Taylors Falls, MN August 29 @ 9:00 am - August 30 @ 3:00 pm
3. Intro to Bushcraft Course Overnight – Finlayson, MN September 5 @ 9:00 am - September 6 @ 12:00 pm

Wilderness Survival Schools in Minnesota

Would you know what to do if you were dropped in the middle of the woods with only the clothes on your back and -- maybe -- a knife?

Lucky for you, help is a wilderness survival school away. As so-called primitive skills like flint knapping and making fire by friction are lost to technological advancement, a handful of schools around the country are keeping them alive and passing them on to new generations.


Aegis Outdoors, Minnesota
Rob Doar (Lead Instructor) has lived in Minnesota for almost his entire life. He has a passion for outdoor education, and has studied wilderness survival and aboriginal skills all over North, Central and South America. For more info, go to Survival Schools in Minnesota for what Rob offers.

Wilderness Arts Institute, MontanaDavid Cronenwett, who heads the school, is the Naturalist-in-Residence at The Nature Conservancy's Pine Butte Guest Ranch. He has been teaching Natural History, Bushcraft and Wilderness Survival since 1999. His courses focus on winter survival, summer survival in the Rockies, and bushcraft skills. For more info, visit wildernessartsinstitute.com
Midwest Native Skills Institute, Ohio
Instructor Tom Laskowski, whose primitive firemaking methods are legendary, offers comprehensive classes in wilderness survival. He'll teach you how to survive and live comfortably in the wilderness with little or no equipment.
Primitive Survival Skills, Florida
Former Navy Seal Madison Parker teaches in the panhandle of Florida and combines extensive survival experience in the jungle with years of applying primitive living skills. Plus, he is a true master with a slingshot! Visit primitivesupply.com for his courses.
Jack Mountain Bushcraft, Maine
Run by professional guide Tim Smith, JMB is a bushcraft and wilderness survival school and a traditional Maine guide service. Visit jackmtn.com for info on Tim's courses—which range from two days to 12 weeks.

Ancient Pathways, Arizona
This is my school in northern Arizona. We provide 2-21 day courses in desert survival, bushcraft, walkabouts, and our signature knife-only course. This is the course actor Emile Hirsch took to prep for his role in the film Into the Wild. For more info, go to apathways.com.

Reason #7 to Visit Grand Rapids

Grand Rapids is a destination for people who want to get outdoors and get into the wilderness. It’s one of the best places to see in Minnesota to explore, to camp, to get a little wild.

There are so many reasons to come and visit Grand Rapids. If you need help making your list, start with our top 7 reasons!


1. Awesome Art


Art installation for ArtPrize in Grand RapidsFrom the world's largest art competition to one of the world's most-visited art museums, Grand Rapids boasts an art scene to rival much bigger cities. Find art events that match your trip dates.

2. Fantastic Food


Restaurant in Grand RapidsGrand Rapids is renowned for farm-to-fork restaurants that transform the dawn's harvest into the day's specials. From breakfast haunts to burger joints, we've got every taste covered. Find a restaurant that tickles your palate.

3. Magnificent Music


Van Andel Arena in Grand RapidsYou'll find music to suit every taste and temperament here, every day of the week. A chart-topping superstar at Van Andel Arena, an indie favorite at a downtown club, a Broadway warbler at a local theatre ... see who's appearing when you're here.

4. Great Beer


Beer in Grand RapidsGrand Rapids earned the title Beer City USA in 2012 and 2013 - and we were named one of the Top 10 Best Vacation Cities for Beer Lovers. A craft beer tour will show you why. Don't miss the world's 2nd best brewery and 3rd best beer bar!

5. Grand Outdoors


biking on rail bridge in Grand RapidsOutdoor recreation is a four-season pursuit here, thanks to an abundance of natural resources. World-class golf courses, some of America's best fishing, endless biking and hiking trails ... Grand Rapids is a great place for an active vacation!

6. Beach Bonanza


West Michigan BeachSugar-sand beaches, towering sand dunes, crystal-clear waters, glorious sunsets ... no wonder our Lake Michigan shoreline has been named among the world's best. A sight to behold in any season, it's just minutes from downtown GR.

7. Signature Shopping


women shoppingMassive shopping malls and unique neighborhood shopping districts offer anything and everything your heart desires - especially if your heart desires art, antiques, furniture orclothing. Start your shopping plan today.


Wilderness Athletes Arch Winteriffic’s DION USSSA Minnesota State Champs, National Qualifier

Oh, for the lack of an inch. A fluffy snow accumulation arriving Friday just missed the depth necessary to snowshoe these relentless switchback trails at the Murphy-Hanrehan State Park in Savage, Minn. Race Directors Mike and Colleen Millonig told me, “With the rock and roots, snowshoes would be torn apart.” So it was a shoe-on-snow race with a mix of grippers and screw-shoes to grasp the slick, off-camber trails one finds here, particularly when looking down from steep hills.
Sign in the woods alerts racers to the "Winteriffic ALS Arch"
The third edition of the new age Winteriffic, revitalized after years of incubation by the Millonigs, celebrates the life of the event’s creator, Buster Whitmer, who founded this event in 1986 when snowshoe racing wasn’t considered as cool as it is today. Additionally, starting in 2012 this USSSA qualifier was upgraded and awarded by the USSSA its designation as Minnesota’s Senior State Snowshoe Championship.
Two Arches! Look closely; Racers pass under a second a few steps further
The First Minnesota Senior State Snowshoe Champion, Kyle Donovan, 26, repeated his dominating performance here in 2011 to capture the title going away. This Kinni Track Clubber’s 37:10 with trail shoes on snow compared with his previous year’s victorious 49:54 on sugar snow in the exposed areas run with snowshoes.
Donovan said, “The course was in good condition considering the snow we received. I wore cross-country spikes to get better traction, but the snow clumped on the bottom a little . . . the added traction was nice, though. The single-track course has a lot of turns which made for a lot speed changes, but it was still a lot of fun. Minnesota Snowshoe State Champion and two-time Winterrific snowshoe six-mile champion is a pretty good day.”
Donna Okroy, 54, Beldenville, Wisc. captured the first Women’s Minnesota Senior State Snowshoe Champion title with a 58:56 finish in her first go at the Winteriffic, bringing plenty of joy to senior masters women everywhere. Okroy is active in snowshoeing and trail running, participating in events such as Whitetail Ridge qualifier in Wisconsin and the Big Woods Trail half-marathon in Southern Minnesota.
Colleen Millonig, L, with Jenna signs in racers. Note the red Wilderness Athlete bag containing the best looking race shirt I've seen.
E Fischer-Drew, well-known ultra trail runner, took the silver while Theresa Herman finished with a bronze.
Tri-athlete Micah Turman won the silver for the men’s state championship, five-minutes behind Donovan while Daniel Tian’s bronze finish was 71 seconds later. Tian edged “Braveheart” Jim McDonnel racing in his full Scottish regalia and white/blue face paint. Jim’s ability to add sizzle to a race with his costume, to say nothing about his racing ability, puts to shame many (like me) who race in dull colors.
Emi Yasaka, Mpls, won the 10-Mile loop outright with her 1:27:25, leading the second overall, Molly Moilanen, by seven minutes. Lisa Trainor almost made it a three-woman sweep of the top spots but was edged by Dennis McGraw by 12 seconds. Paul Schaefer (second in the ’11 20-mile snowshoe) and Steve Greseth rounded out the men’s field top-three.
Yasaka, a Senior Designer at Best Buy, Inc, is fresh off her NYC Marathon finish. “I train on trails once or twice a week, but I mostly run on roads the other days. I prefer to race on wider cross-country courses, but I am starting to enjoy these single, winding switchbacks like Winterrific.” Yasaka frequents local trails at Hyland State Park, Theodore Wirth and other trails in the area.
“I race more on roads between spring and fall, but I plan on running more trail races this year. One of my favorite races from the last year was the Wild Duluth 50 km. It didn’t go too well; I got lost twice on the course. My goal this year is to run a good solid 50 km race–and not get lost!”
Mark Brose displayed his distance training capturing the 20-mile, two-loop switchback tracks’ win going away. As an active athlete–he races 2-3 times monthly–Brose led off the line and extended his finish to lead by 12 1/2 minutes over Justin Bakken for a 2:40 time. Bakken leads the WEDALI Adventure Racing Team who were the 2010 US Adventure Racing Champions. Becky George won third overall in a strong 2:53:12 followed by Joseph Adtendahl, the 2011 overall winner. Maria Barton won second woman finisher.
Brose won the inaugural 2011 King Boreas Snowshoe Race, a part of the St Paul Winter Carnival along with racing many of the qualifiers like the Snowshoe Shuffle and other snowshoe races in the region. In the Winteriffic, Brose snowshoed the 10-mile 2011 version, finishing third after a great battle with Dennis Wallich and his fourth spot crossing.
Brose told me afterward, “I really enjoy running at Murphy-Hanrehan. I’ve run several trail races in the park, and it’s one of the great local parks for sure. It’s fun to get a chance to run the mountain bike course as part of Winterrific. It’s a great snowshoe course. The winding hilly single-track makes for a challenging and engaging race. I guess it suits me. I am excited to win the 20 this year.”
These 10-mile loops are the best example of switchbacks in the region. Other racers can be above you going an opposite way, giving hope that one is catching them, only to find that the lower trail has to meander six more minutes to just get to that spot. Brose described it from a leaders perspective: “The switchbacks allow you to keep an eye on your competition!”
The Snowshoe lists all winners of the Winteriffic including the original 1986-1990 Races
The race starts as Millonig draws a line in the snow with his boot, then a tour of the open field of dreams ensues before entering the woods. The map of the course looks somewhat like Mother Nature laughing hysterically at the thought of someone marking trails here . . . the squiggly path goes everywhere. The course, though, is easy to follow not only because of the efforts of the organizers but also the posts every quarter-mile or so. The race starts at post 50 and ends at 90, so a competitor can keep up with the distance; at 60, for example, approximately 2.5 miles have been covered, and so on.
Two Wilderness Athlete aid-stations served up WA’s Hydrate and Recovery along with their peanut butter crunch performance bars (laid on top of cooking, covered soup to keep them from freezing) while supplying hot chicken soup and trailmix. Cola and water iced rapidly in the -7 temperature start.
Brose noted, “The weather was beautiful. It was cold enough to prevent overheating and the sunshine just made it a gorgeous day for running. The one challenge I ran into was the nozzle on my hand-held freezing, and then eventually the screw top freezing.”
The second aid station was moved to post 78, about 3/8 mile further along, a key improvement as the new location is the end of a long woods segment and marks the beginning of a new field section. Also, clearing this station means a snowshoer is entering a quicker terrain to the finish.
Bob Rusch had a shocking surprise as he again finished the 20-mile distance; his entry was drawn as the winner of the Wilderness Athlete Backpack, a $300 item. As he was still on the course when the drawing was made, his finish was the first time organizers could share the win with him.
Maria Barton, Treasurer for the Upper Midwest Trail Runners, raced the 20-mile distance while husband, Doug, chose the state championship distance. Maria told me she was needing the mileage as she would be racing a trail ultra “in warmer climes” soon.
Barb Van Skike, 20-year race director of the retired Northwoods Snowshoe Marathon and 10 km Qualifier, was with her daughter as both helped in the meeting hall of the park.
A sentiment heard often was expressed by 20-mile champion Brose: “Mike and Colleen Millonig do an awesome job with this race. They are the friendliest people and seem to be having a lot of fun. The course was easy to follow, and the post race food was tasty like the great chili!”
Men’s State Champion Donovan said, “I can’t thank the race volunteers and race directors Colleen and Mike Millonig enough for putting on this great event and getting sponsors who want to promote snowshoeing and trail running.”
Winteriffic donates its proceeds to the ALS Association in memory of Whitmore. In addition to Wilderness Athlete Performance Products, Summit Snowshoes sponsors this race.
Aegis Outdoors offers survival and permit to carry / concealed courses in Minnesota. Get gear and training for wilderness survival, navigation, firearms/self-defense, and long term sustainability.

Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness

The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW is a vast natural paradise located in Cook County, Minnesota and adjoining counties. Imagine a million acres of woods and water, virtually untouched since the glaciers melted and created over a thousand crystal-clear lakes.
The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCA W boasts world-renowned paddlingand scenery. Just a few accolades:
  • National Geographic named the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW one of the world’s “50 Places of a Lifetime”
  • Mpls-St. Paul Magazine put it on their Great Minnesota Bucket List
  • National Geographic lauded canoeing the Boundary Waters as one of “America’s 100 Best Adventures” To which paddlers everywhere responded, “No kidding.”
After all, the lakes, streams and rivers of the Boundary Waters form a seemingly endless chain of possible canoe routes—over 1,200 miles of them, in fact.
The Boundary Waters runs right up to the Canadian border, connecting to Quetico Provincial Park. Many paddlers include a Quetico excursion in their Boundary Waters plans. Canoe trip outfitters can help anybody enjoy the Boundary Waters–even if you don’t have wilderness experience. The Gunflint Trail National Scenic Byway is a scenic way to access the Boundary Waters.
Canoe trip outfitters will set you up with everything you need to explore this untamed wilderness in northeastern Minnesota, from food and fishing gear to tents and canoes. They’ll also help you plan your route.
Pick a camp site on an island one night, then paddle and portage three lakes away for the next night. Establish a base camp and spend each day exploring with a light load. The choice—and the adventure—is yours. Ask a canoe outfitter or view BWCAW maps.
Facts about the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW
The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW is America’s largest wilderness east of the Mississippi, with 15 hiking trails, 2,000 designated campsites, over a thousand lakes and more than 1,200 miles of canoe routes.
Amidst jawdropping scenery, you’ll discover solitude, adventure, world-class fishing, and iconic northern wildlife species, such as:
  • timberwolf
  • moose
  • bear
  • lynx
  • deer
  • loon
Just across the Canadian border, in Ontario, sits like-sized Quetico Provincial Park. Together, they form a sprawling, multimillion-acre wildland where you can unplug, recharge and reconnect with what really matters.
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW outfitting and guides – (Remember, even Lewis and Clark had a guide.)
Want to have a Boundary Waters adventure but don’t have camping experience? Consult the experts, in Cook County there are numerous Boundary Waters canoe outfitters who will provide everything you need for a Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW trip–from provisions and permits to equipment, route-planning assistance, and expert guidance.
Your wilderness adventure could be a base camp with short excursions and very little gear to carry; a loop trip from lake to lake; or a stay at a lodging property near the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW with day trips into the wilderness.
How will you go wild?
When to go to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness/BWCAW
Timing your Boundary Waters trip presents some fun choices. Late May and early June offer great fishing, serving up lake trout, walleye, northern pike and small mouth bass. June also proffers wildflowers and strawberries.
July and August bring raspberries, blueberries and more flowers, including marsh marigolds, blue flag iris, wild roses, Indian paintbrush and the prized lady’s slipper.
In early September, you’ll have warm days, cool (we say refreshing) nights and superior luck with fishing.
By mid-month, fall colors begin to appear – reason enough to choose September and or even early October. Abundant wildlife and over 240 bird species are your traveling companions all season. Forests of white, red and jack pine, tamarack, fir, aspen, black spruce, cedar and birch cover 90% of the wilderness.
Winter presents a stark but no less stunning landscape. Travel by ski, snowshoe or dogsled.
Any time of year, you could see the electric dance of the aurora borealis—the northern lights.

Aegis Outdoors offers survival and permit to carry / concealed courses in Minnesota. Get gear and training for wilderness survival, navigation, firearms/self-defense, and long term sustainability.

A Minnesota Wilderness Adventure

In many ways, Voyageurs National Park is similar to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.  
Voyageurs National Park
In other ways it is very different. The BWCAW, with the official designation as wilderness, has access limited by permit. Voyageurs' four entry points are open to all. You will also find fewer portages here than in the Boundary Waters.

The Boundary Waters is traveled by non-motorized watercraft...canoes.
Voyageurs allows motorboats, pontoons and houseboats as well as canoes and kayaks.

The park is situated on four large lakes: Rainy Lake, Kabetogama, Namakan and Sand Point.

If all of this makes it sound like Voyageurs is a busy, buzzing place it isn't so. 
Voyageurs National Park is one of the least visited national parks in the U.S. however this "hidden gem" could be the destination for one of the best Minnesota vacations of a lifetime. Get inspired with Paddling the Boundary Waters and Voyageurs National Park

Where to Stay in Voyageurs National Park

Campgrounds: there are more than 200 campsites; all are accessible only by boat. At most of them you will find a tent pad, fire ring, picnic table, privy and bear proof food locker. Camping is free by filling out a registration form.

Mainland Camping: The two state forest campgounds would be your best choice. RV camp sites are available. Beautiful Woodenfrog Campground, situated on Lake Kabetogama, offers a swimming beach, picnic grounds and a nature trail.

Resorts and Hotels: One good choice for a place to stay is Northern Lights Resort Outfitting. There are many other resorts and lodges in the area that cater to fishermen (and women) and families. These include Thunderbird Lodge, Arrowhead Lodge, Sandy Point Lodge and Nelson's Resort.

If you want to stay outside the park and do a day trip into the wilderness area there are hotels in International Falls:
Houseboats: a houseboat vacation can be a memorable adventure. There are four houseboat rental companies and any one of them can provide you with all you need for a houseboat vacation. Just one of these is Voyagaire Houseboats and Lodge.

Bear Head Lake State Park is close to Voyageurs Park and the Boundary Waters.
If you are looking for solitude you can find it here. Just head out to the Kabetogama Peninsula

 How to Get to Voyageurs National Park

Voyageurs follows the Minnesota/Canadian border for 55 miles. There are no roads leading directly into the park. Most park visitors gain access through one of four resort areas on the four large lakes:
  • Rainy Lake at the northwest corner close to International Falls
  • Crane Lake at the southeast end of the park
  • Kabetogama and Ash River in the center of the area.
Each of these access points has visitor centers and vendors who offer food, lodging, marinas, boat & canoe rentals, water taxis, fishing guides and advice about a trip into the area.
A Few More Tips and Ideas for Visiting Voyageurs
  • Ash River is the easiest access point for paddlers through the north end of Lake Kabetogama at the Woodenfrog Campground.
  • Boat on Interior Lakes Program: the park service has placed rowboats and canoes on nine lakes. Available on a first come basis.
  • There are many great hiking trails in the park; expect to see wildlife.
  • Winter recreation includes 110 miles of marked snowmobile trails and miles of groomed cross-country ski trails.
Some time spent in preparation for a trip like this is always a good idea. We suggest two resources:
The National Park Service website has a wealth of information about Voyageurs.
Voyageurs National Park
Voyageurs National Park
One of your lodging choices is a private vacation rental. There are several in the area: Crane Lake - BWCA and Voyageurs Area Vacation Rentals

Voyageurs National Park

Rafting through ANWR, to protect the 'Last Great Wilderness'

Cloudy camp at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
All photos: Micah Baird; Map: U.S. Geological Survey/Wikimedia
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has long been considered the "Last Great Wilderness" of the United States, and it's no surprise why. Located on nearly 19.3 million acres of tundra in the northeast corner of Alaska, this natural treasure is the largest and one of the most remote refuges in the U.S. It also happens to be one of the most threatened.
 
Thanks to the Wilderness Act of 1964, the refuge continues to thrive, but the onset of oil and gas exploration in the refuge's northern coastal plain, also known by petroleum companies as Area 1002, may soon change that. Only about 40 percent of the refuge is officially designated as a protected wilderness area. This area, known as the Mollie Beattie Wilderness Area, includes 8 million acres of arctic, subarctic and alpine ecosystems that are home to caribou, polar bears, moose, musk oxen and seals.
 
The map below offers a better understanding of how the petroleum industry is encroaching on the environment. The areas in red represent privately owned drill sites and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Though the refuge's Area 1002 is small in contrast to the National Petroleum Reserve (the largest stretch of undisturbed public land in the U.S.), its coastal plain landscape happens to be the site of important calving grounds for the native Porcupine caribou herd.
 
Map of ANWR, showing 1002 area and wilderness area
 
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act and attempt to better understand the ecological and social importance of the region, Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune embarked on an eight-person summer rafting trip up the Aichilik River, which runs through the coastal plain and empties into the Arctic Ocean.Sierra Club ANWR rafting group In addition to Brune, the adventurous crew included Paul D. Miller, a composer, writer, musician who goes by the name DJ Spooky; and Rue Mapp, founder and CEO of Outdoor Afro, a network designed to re-reconnect African Americans to nature.
 
Continue below to see photos from their trip, with captions provided by one of the trip's leaders, Dan Ritzman of the Sierra Club's Our Wild America campaign.
 
Want to take action to strengthen the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge's protections? Consider signing this Sierra Club petition asking President Obama to designate the refuge's coastal plain region as a protected wilderness area alongside the Mollie Beattie Wilderness.
 
Flying to the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
Dan Ritzman: Our inspiring week in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge began with a view from above on a bumpy plane ride, but still the views could not be beat. President Eisenhower initially set aside the area for wildlife, wilderness, and recreation in 1960, and President Carter expanded the refuge to 19.6 million acres in 1980 for the American public and future generations to enjoy.
 
We had a great crew of eight make the journey through the Arctic Refuge. For some it was their first trip into America’s crown jewel of the north. For others the trip to the refuge is an annual ritual.
 
Wildlife viewing in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
It did not take long before we pulled out our binoculars to spot wildlife. Sierra Club’s Executive Director Michael Brune, Paul Miller, also known as DJ Spooky, and Rue Mapp, the founder of Outdoor Afro, headed for some high ground behind our first camp to get a vantage for potential wildlife sightings.
 
Caribou herd in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
Members of the Porcupine Caribou Herd are seen on their annual migration from the interior of Canada to the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, a migration of about 1,500 miles each year. The current population estimate of the Porcupine Caribou Herd puts them at a healthy level of 197,000 animals — the highest-observed amount since the census began. There were a few thousand that treaded quietly and passed us by.
 
Arctic lupine in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
The Arctic tundra is a fertile ground for some hearty wild flowers that take advantage of the short but intense growing season. Here Arctic lupine (lupinus articus) fill the scene.
 
Caribou remnants in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
Signs of caribou are found throughout the landscape of the refuge — from discarded antlers like this one, to permanent trails etched into the mountainsides over decades.
 
Midnight sun in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
In the land of the midnight sun, inspiration was not hard to find. The Arctic Circle is the latitude at roughly the 66th parallel where the sun does not set below the horizon on June 21st, the summer solstice. We were further north of the Arctic Circle so the sun never set during our entire trip.
 
Grizzly bear at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
This grizzly bear blessed our Arctic trip, but it luckily just checked out our camp and passed us by. In the Arctic, the scarcity of food supports smaller grizzly bears of about 6 feet and 500 pounds with a range that can reach 5,000 square miles — compare that to coastal grizzlies in Alaska at 8 feet, 900 pounds, and roaming just 10 square miles!
 
Michael Brune looking out over Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
The Arctic’s cold temperatures and permafrost in the ground cannot support trees, which adds to the vastness of the view as Brune gazes upon the horizon.
 
Putting a raft in the river at Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
You can get a sense of the scale of the landscape as we put in one of our rafts into the Aichilik River. The Aichilik River forms in the Romanzof Mountains of the Brooks Range and flows 75 miles through the Arctic Refuge into the Beaufort Sea.
 
Aufeis at Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
This is not your average river ice, but it is called "Aufeis." Aufeis is created from layers upon layers of snow and ice that collect and compress during the long winter months.
 
Fertile tundra at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
This view gazes over the fertile tundra of the coastal plain south to the expanse of the Brooks Range and through the ever-changing weather of America’s Arctic.
 
Aufeis and caribou at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
This is an impressive view of caribou seen just beyond the Aufeis in the Aichillik River. The Porcupine Caribou Herd has support the indigenous people in the region for time immemorial, and today both Inupiaq and Gwich’in communities continue to stay connected to the caribou through their cultures and for subsistence.
 
Rafts rests on riverbank at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
Though we were in the refuge for a week, we never took the scenery for granted.
 
Summer ice in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
This is a view of a crevice in the Aufeis. Some areas of Aufeis melt with the summer sun, but Aufeis in other shaded areas can last all year.
 
Rafting in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
The Aichillik River took us from the mountains of the Brooks Range to the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge, following as best we could the migration of the caribou from the interior of the state and heading north to the Arctic Ocean. The coastal plain is the biological heart of the refuge, where caribou migrate to calve their young, where polar bears den their cubs, and where millions of birds migrate from all 50 states to nest each year.
 
Camping in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 
It’s amazing what you discover that you don’t need while camping in the wilderness, but equally as exciting to realize that you do have everything you need on one raft.